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CRUD operation examples
Using data operations
This section shows basic usage scenarios and typical errors for each :ref:`data operation <index-box_data-operations>` in Tarantool: :ref:`INSERT <box_space-operations-insert>`, :ref:`DELETE <box_space-operations-delete>`, :ref:`UPDATE <box_space-operations-update>`, :ref:`UPSERT <box_space-operations-upsert>`, :ref:`REPLACE <box_space-operations-replace>`, and :ref:`SELECT <box_space-operations-select>`. Before trying out the examples, you need to bootstrap a Tarantool instance as shown below.
-- Create a space --
bands = box.schema.space.create('bands')

-- Specify field names and types --
box.space.bands:format({
{ name = 'id', type = 'unsigned' },
{ name = 'band_name', type = 'string' },
{ name = 'year', type = 'unsigned' }
})

-- Create a primary index --
box.space.bands:create_index('primary', { parts = { 'id' } })

-- Create a unique secondary index --
box.space.bands:create_index('band', { parts = { 'band_name' } })

-- Create a non-unique secondary index --
box.space.bands:create_index('year', { parts = { { 'year' } }, unique = false })

-- Create a multi-part index --
box.space.bands:create_index('year_band', { parts = { { 'year' }, { 'band_name' } } })
INSERT
The :ref:`space_object.insert <box_space-insert>` method accepts a well-formatted tuple.
-- Insert a tuple with a unique primary key --
tarantool> bands:insert{1, 'Scorpions', 1965}
---
- [1, 'Scorpions', 1965]
...
``insert`` also checks all the keys for duplicates.
-- Try to insert a tuple with a duplicate primary key --
tarantool> bands:insert{1, 'Scorpions', 1965}
---
- error: Duplicate key exists in unique index "primary" in space "bands" with old
tuple - [1, "Scorpions", 1965] and new tuple - [1, "Scorpions", 1965]
...

-- Try to insert a tuple with a duplicate secondary key --
tarantool> bands:insert{2, 'Scorpions', 1965}
---
- error: Duplicate key exists in unique index "band" in space "bands" with old tuple
- [1, "Scorpions", 1965] and new tuple - [2, "Scorpions", 1965]
...

-- Insert a second tuple with unique primary and secondary keys --
tarantool> bands:insert{2, 'Pink Floyd', 1965}
---
- [2, 'Pink Floyd', 1965]
...

-- Delete all tuples --
tarantool> bands:truncate()
---
...
DELETE
:ref:`space_object.delete <box_space-delete>` allows you to delete a tuple identified by the primary key.
-- Insert test data --
tarantool> bands:insert{1, 'Roxette', 1986}
bands:insert{2, 'Scorpions', 1965}
bands:insert{3, 'Ace of Base', 1987}
bands:insert{4, 'The Beatles', 1960}

-- Delete a tuple with an existing key --
tarantool> bands:delete{4}
---
- [4, 'The Beatles', 1960]
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'Scorpions', 1965]
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
...
You can also use :ref:`index_object.delete <box_index-delete>` to delete a tuple by the specified unique index.
-- Delete a tuple by the primary index --
tarantool> bands.index.primary:delete{3}
---
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'Scorpions', 1965]
...

-- Delete a tuple by a unique secondary index --
tarantool> bands.index.band:delete{'Scorpions'}
---
- [2, 'Scorpions', 1965]
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
...

-- Try to delete a tuple by a non-unique secondary index --
tarantool> bands.index.year:delete(1986)
---
- error: Get() doesn't support partial keys and non-unique indexes
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
...

-- Try to delete a tuple by a partial key --
tarantool> bands.index.year_band:delete('Roxette')
---
- error: Invalid key part count in an exact match (expected 2, got 1)
...

-- Delete a tuple by a full key --
tarantool> bands.index.year_band:delete{1986, 'Roxette'}
---
- [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- []
...

-- Delete all tuples --
tarantool> bands:truncate()
---
...
UPDATE
:ref:`space_object.update <box_space-update>` allows you to update a tuple identified by the primary key. Similarly to ``delete``, the ``update`` method accepts a full key and also an operation to execute.
-- Insert test data --
tarantool> bands:insert{1, 'Roxette', 1986}
bands:insert{2, 'Scorpions', 1965}
bands:insert{3, 'Ace of Base', 1987}
bands:insert{4, 'The Beatles', 1960}

-- Update a tuple with an existing key --
tarantool> bands:update({2}, {{'=', 2, 'Pink Floyd'}})
---
- [2, 'Pink Floyd', 1965]
...

tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'Pink Floyd', 1965]
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
- [4, 'The Beatles', 1960]
...
:ref:`index_object.update <box_index-update>` updates a tuple identified by the specified unique index.
-- Update a tuple by the primary index --
tarantool> bands.index.primary:update({2}, {{'=', 2, 'The Rolling Stones'}})
---
- [2, 'The Rolling Stones', 1965]
...

tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'The Rolling Stones', 1965]
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
- [4, 'The Beatles', 1960]
...

-- Update a tuple by a unique secondary index --
tarantool> bands.index.band:update({'The Rolling Stones'}, {{'=', 2, 'The Doors'}})
---
- [2, 'The Doors', 1965]
...

tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'The Doors', 1965]
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
- [4, 'The Beatles', 1960]
...

-- Try to update a tuple by a non-unique secondary index --
tarantool> bands.index.year:update({1965}, {{'=', 2, 'Scorpions'}})
---
- error: Get() doesn't support partial keys and non-unique indexes
...
tarantool> bands:select()
---
- - [1, 'Roxette', 1986]
- [2, 'The Doors', 1965]
- [3, 'Ace of Base', 1987]
- [4, 'The Beatles', 1960]
...

-- Delete all tuples --
tarantool> bands:truncate()
---
...
UPSERT
:ref:`space_object.upsert <box_space-upsert>` updates an existing tuple or inserts a new one:
If the existing tuple is found by the primary key, Tarantool applies the update operation to this tuple and ignores the new tuple.

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testing_project / Documentation: how-to/db/crud — English

-- Insert a tuple with a unique primary key --
tarantool> bands:insert{1, 'Scorpions', 1965}
---
- [1, 'Scorpions', 1965]
...
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